Upper Mustang: The Land of Stories and Festivals
Published On : 20th Nov, 2024 By Himalayan Dream Team

Upper Mustang in Nepal and Festivals : Tibetan culture Tiji Festival in May Yartung Festival in August , Himalayan Kingdom of Upper Mustang "Last Forbidden Kingdom" in Nepal"
Aspect | Details |
---|---|
Historical Background | Historically called the Kingdom of Lo, Upper Mustang is the northern part of the Nepalese district of Mustang. Nestled in the Gandaki Province of Nepal, this district was totally restricted until 1992. Due to this, the traditional culture and language of Tibetan people and their way of life remained unaltered. It has become one of the most preserved cultural places on earth. People primarily depend on tourism, trade, and animal husbandry. |
Geography and Administration | Upper Mustang covers the northern two-thirds of Mustang District and is home to three rural municipalities: Lo Manthang, Dalome, and Baragung Muktichhetra. Each area plays an integral role in preserving the region's rich cultural and historical significance. |
Lower Mustang | Contrasting this, Lower Mustang or Thak, the southern part of Mustang, is home to the Thakali community. The Thakali people represent a culture that blends Tibetan and Nepalese traditions, and their language further enriches the district's diversity. |
Modern Developments | Mustang's official status as a kingdom ended in 2008 when Nepal declared itself a republic. However, ancient traditions and heritage are still retained. External influences, particularly from China, and development projects have introduced gradual changes, presenting both opportunities and challenges for the people of Mustang. |
Geography and Accessibility
It lies in the northern part of Nepal's Mustang District within Gandaki Province. Its topography, which is arid and with rugged cliffs and colorful rock formations, is quite unlike any other area in Nepal. Lo Manthang, with its walled capital city, is the cultural and historical heart of Upper Mustang.
How to Get to Upper Mustang:
Mode of Travel | Details |
---|---|
By Air | A 25-minute scenic flight from Pokhara to Jomsom, followed by a jeep ride or trek. Note: This is a restricted area requiring a special trekking permit for travelers. |
By Road | From Pokhara to Jomsom, it takes approximately 10 hours, crossing over the Kali Gandaki Gorge. |
Cultural Heritage of Upper Mustang
Upper Mustang is a hotbed of Tibetan-Buddhist culture. Lo Manthang holds a plethora of ancient monasteries like Jampa, Thubchen, and Chode, which house murals and other ancient artifacts centuries old. People in the region, called Lobas, maintain their traditional lifestyle based on tourism, trade, and animal husbandry.
Against this, Thakali in Lower Mustang is a blend of Tibetan and Nepalese culture, which enriches the diversity of the district. All these put together constitute the cultural entity of Mustang.
Best Time to Visit Upper Mustang
The best seasons for visiting Upper Mustang are:
- Spring (March–May): Pleasant weather and the Tiji Festival.
- Autumn (September–November): Clear skies and moderate temperatures.
While Upper Mustang remains accessible year-round due to its location in a rain-shadow area, winter months can be extremely cold, and summer monsoons make access challenging.
Altitude and Safety
Altitude and Safety for the Upper Mustang Trek
The altitude of the Upper Mustang Trek goes up to about 4,200 meters with inspiring views of the Himalayas. At this altitude, the possibility of acute mountain sickness is very negligible because of well-structured and progressive schedules that provide ample time to acclimatize. This allows trekkers to enjoy the journey without unwarranted strain.
To go safely on this trek, every traveler is advised to:
- Acclimatize Properly: Gradual ascent and rest days are necessary to adjust to the thinner air at higher altitudes.
- Hydrate: Plenty of water intake helps maintain oxygen levels in the body and minimizes the chances of altitude-related issues.
- Travel Insurance: This should be comprehensive insurance covering high-altitude evacuation and is highly recommended in case of emergencies.
Upper Mustang Accommodations: What to Expect
Travellers trekking in the Upper Mustang area would find a variety of provisions ranging from basic teahouses to lodges. Basic teahouse-style facilities are available, normally with twin-sharing rooms having simple beds, blankets, and a shared bathroom facility. Most of the teahouses have a dining area where trekkers can find local meals such as dal bhat, and Tibetan bread. Amenities would be more limited compared to urban standards, but the friendliness and warm hospitality of the local people can make this an unforgettable experience.
Some houses in relatively more developed villages, such as Lo Manthang and Kagbeni, may have some rather improved facilities at the lodges, while others may have attached bathrooms and hot showers. Most of them have solar-powered electricity, thus allowing limited charging of devices. However, trekkers should be ready for occasional power outages and pack essential items like power banks. These accommodations in Upper Mustang provide more than just sleeping spaces but are great ways to experience the traditional lifestyle of the region and socialize with other travelers. This booking through a trusted operator such as the Himalayan Dream Team Treks and Tours will ensure you get reliable lodging options that add more fun to your trekking.
What is the Tiji Festival?
The three-day Tiji Festival is a marvellous Tibetan-Buddhist event that is held in Lo Manthang every year and signifies victory over evil powers. Invented more than 300 years ago, this festival narrates a tale related to an evil-conquering deity named Dorje Jono, who offered prosperity. Sacred Vajrakila rituals, prayer chants, and coloured masked dances are shown by the monks of Chhode Monastery during the festival period. These performances portray the various battles that Dorje Jono engaged in and culminate in a dramatic expulsion of evil-a truly unforgettable cultural sight.
Tiji Festival Dates 2025 and 2026
2025: May 22-24
2026: May 10-12
Tiji Festival Trek and Highlights
The Tiji Festival Trek starts from Jomsom, accessible by an appealing flight from Pokhara or driving via roadways. It follows the Kali Gandaki River through the pretty villages of Kagbeni, Chele, and Charang until Lo Manthang. En-route, trekkers enjoy beautiful panoramic views of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges while truly absorbing themselves with the Tibetan-inspired culture.
Key highlights of this trek are:
- Exploring the walled city of Lo Manthang and its royal palace
- Witnessing the Tiji Festival's vibrant masked dances and rituals
- Visit Muktinath Temple - a sacred site for Hindus and Buddhists
Significance of Tiji Festival: A Celebration of Peace and Prosperity
The Tiji Festival, usually observed in May or June, is the most important cultural celebration in Upper Mustang. Based on Tibetan Buddhism, it symbolizes the victory of good over evil and celebrates a legend about a deity, Dorje Jono, who defeated the destructive forces to save the Mustang Kingdom from calamity. The word "Tiji" comes from "Tenpa Chirim," which translates to "Prayer for World Peace"; hence, in its very marrow, it is a spiritual occurrence and a harbinger of harmony.
Variously called "The chasing of demons," this three-day festival is a wet and wild time for the Gurung and Bista people in Mustang. The monks from Chode Monastery in Lo Manthang enact the mythological story of Dorje Jono through elaborate masked dances. People in traditional dress agglutinate to witness the music, dances, and rituals. The festival is not only culturally and spiritually significant but also attracts many travelers, trekkers, and photographers around the world who want to experience this blend of tradition and festivity in the mystic land of Mustang.
Permits and Cost of Trekking
Trekking in the Upper Mustang is subject to a special permit, which costs 500 USD for the first 10 days and 50 USD per day for subsequent days. There is also a need for an ACAP permit, which costs 30 USD.
Requirement | Details |
---|---|
Special Permit | 500 USD for the first 10 days, 50 USD per day for subsequent days |
ACAP Permit | 30 USD |
Organizing Agency | Treks must be organized through licensed agencies like Himalayan Dream Team Treks and Tours Pvt. Ltd. |
Guide Requirement | A guide is mandatory as per government regulations |
Preparation for the Trek
The Upper Mustang Trek is ranked as a moderate trek since there are trails that reach 4,200 meters high. In this regard, proper acclimatization, pre-trek fitness, and proper trekking equipment are necessary. Trekkers are recommended to purchase travel insurance for evacuation in case of altitude sickness.
- Prepare for Moderate Trekking Conditions: The Upper Mustang Trek is categorized as a moderate trek, with trails reaching up to 4,200 meters, making it essential for trekkers to be prepared for varying terrain and altitude.
- Acclimatization is Key: Gradual ascent and proper acclimatization are crucial to avoid altitude sickness and ensure a safe trekking experience.
- Build Your Fitness Levels: Engage in pre-trek fitness routines, including cardio exercises, strength training, and hiking, to build stamina for the trek.
- Invest in Quality Trekking Gear: Equip yourself with reliable trekking boots, warm layers, waterproof jackets, gloves, and other essential gear suited for high-altitude treks.
- Carry Altitude Sickness Medication: Consult a medical professional and carry medicines like Diamox as a precautionary measure against Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS).
- Hydrate Regularly: Drink plenty of water throughout the trek to stay hydrated and aid acclimatization in high-altitude areas.
- Secure Travel Insurance: Purchase comprehensive travel insurance covering high-altitude trekking and emergency evacuation to safeguard against unforeseen circumstances.
- Follow a Well-Paced Itinerary: Choose an itinerary that allows ample time for rest and acclimatization to maximize safety and enjoyment.
- Pack Light but Smart: Carry only essential items to keep your backpack lightweight while ensuring you have everything needed for a comfortable trek.
- Hire a Licensed Guide or Porter: Trekking in Upper Mustang requires a guide due to government regulations, and hiring an experienced guide from a reputable agency ensures a safe and informed journey.
Why Go for the Tiji Festival Trek?
The Tiji Festival Trek is a unique opportunity to explore one of Nepal's most culturally preserved regions. The mixture of natural beauty, spiritual importance, and flamboyant cultural heritage will make this trek unforgettable for one. For a professional trek guide for witnessing the Tiji Festival and unveiling the mystique of Upper Mustang, join Himalayan Dream Team Treks and Tours Pvt. Ltd.
Yartung Festival: A Festival of Celebration and Horse Racing
Yartung Festival, celebrated in Lo Manthang and elsewhere in Mustang, is a three-day festival that closes the monsoon season. It is one big moment to rejoice in company and thankfulness for a good yield.
Key Highlights:
- Horse Racing: Local men show their riding prowess in thrilling races.
- Traditional Dancing and Singing: Locals get together to perform traditional dances and songs.
- Community feasts are also organized where people enjoy traditional food and drinks together.
Usually, the Yartung Festival falls in the month of August, making it a perfect time to encounter Mustang's vibrant traditions along with its beautiful landscapes.
Yartung Festival Dates 2025 and 2026
Yartung Festival, which is normally held in a colorful way in the Mustang area of Nepal during the full moon of August, coincides with the time of Janai Purnima. The dates for 2025 are August 28th, 29th, and 30th.
Although the precise dates for the year 2026 have not yet been officially announced, it is expected to take place in August, during the full moon, similarly to this traditional festival.
Dress Code for Visiting Monasteries and Temples in Nepal
Permitted Attire | Not Permitted |
---|---|
- Shirt (half or full sleeve) - Full pants or long skirts - Any type of shoes with socks |
- No hats - No umbrella - No slippers - No t-shirts - No short skirts - No half-pants |
Photography Rules in Upper Mustang Monasteries
-
Photograph Courtyard Areas Only: Photography is generally allowed in the courtyard areas of monasteries, offering opportunities to capture stunning architecture and scenic backdrops.
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Respect No-Photography Zones: Inside sacred monastery premises, photography is usually prohibited. Always follow local rules to avoid offending cultural and religious sentiments.
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Seek Permission Before Photographing Monks or Locals: Politely ask for consent before taking pictures of monks, locals, or ceremonial activities, respecting their privacy and traditions.
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Avoid Flash Photography: Flashlights can damage centuries-old murals and artifacts. Use natural lighting or adjust your camera settings for indoor shots where permitted.
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Focus on Cultural Elements: Capture the intricate details of chortens, prayer wheels, and traditional decor that reflect the Tibetan-Buddhist heritage of Upper Mustang.
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Respect Ritual Ceremonies: During events like the Tiji Festival, some performances may have restrictions on photography. Observe and enjoy the moment without intrusion.
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Carry a Zoom Lens: For distant subjects or sensitive areas, use a zoom lens to avoid disrupting the environment or rituals.
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Avoid Drone Usage Without Approval: Drones are typically restricted around monasteries due to privacy and safety concerns. Obtain official permissions if necessary.
-
Do Not Disturb Prayer Sessions: Refrain from taking photographs during prayer or meditation sessions to maintain the sanctity of the space.
-
Follow Local Guidelines: Always adhere to the specific rules provided by monastery authorities or your tour guide to ensure a respectful and enjoyable experience.
Mustang Tour Variants with Himalayan Dream Team
Himalayan Dream Team Treks and Tours Pvt. Ltd. offers various immersion tours to see the fascinating Mustang region. Every tour is specially designed to be able to show the unique culture, landscapes, and festivals of this magical land.
Upper Mustang Trek
The Upper Mustang Trek is an exploratory tour into Nepal's "Last Forbidden Kingdom," taking trekkers into the culturally rich Lo Manthang and to the surrounding arid landscapes. This trek touches altitudes of up to 4,200 meters with stunning views of both the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges. The well-paced itinerary ensures proper acclimatization and an unforgettable experience of Mustang's Tibetan-inspired heritage.
Upper Mustang Jeep Tour
For the adventure-seekers who do not want a long trek, the Upper Mustang Jeep Tour offers a comfortable and thrilling drive into the dramatic Kali Gandaki Valley to Lo Manthang. The tour is highly recommended for families, as well as for visitors pressed for time, due to its blend of culture and nature: historic monasteries, red cliffs, and villages.
Mustang Tiji Festival Trek 2025
Mustang Tiji Festival Trek 2025 offers an opportunity to join one of the main highlights of this culturally different world, where colorful masked dances and sacred rituals come alive in the ancient city of Lo Manthang. This trek offers great scenery combined with the cultural richness of the Tiji Festival; therefore, it forms an adventure once in a lifetime. The festival falls on May 22-24, 2025, which signifies spiritual good over evil.
Upper Mustang Tiji Festival Jeep Tour
Upper Mustang Tiji Festival Jeep Tour is a far exciting alternative to trekking that takes you directly to the heart of the Tiji Festival. Experience comfortable travel through rugged Mustang to Lo Manthang during the time of vibrant festivities and en route explore historic sites and monasteries.
Yartung Festival Jeep Tour
The Yartung Festival Jeep Tour allows one to join festive horse races, traditional dancing, and community feasting marking the end of the monsoon period in the Mustang region. This tour covers Lo Manthang during this vibrant festival, therefore combining cultural festivities with the beautiful landscapes of Mustang.
Each of these tours offers a unique perspective on the enchanting Mustang region. Whether trekking through its rugged terrain or enjoying a comfortable jeep ride, Himalayan Dream Team ensures every journey is unforgettable.
Why Choose Himalayan Dream Team Treks and Tours?
With over a decade of experience, Himalayan Dream Team Treks and Tours Pvt. Ltd. ensures a seamless travel experience to Upper Mustang. From organizing permits to crafting personalized itineraries, our services focus on cultural immersion, safety, and comfort.
What We Offer:
- Expert guidance for Tiji and Yartung Festival treks.
- Comfortable accommodations and local cuisine.
- Cultural insights into the traditions of Upper Mustang.
Conclusion
Upper Mustang is unique in culture, landscapes, and even festivals, such as Tiji and Yartung. But the joyous celebration of its festivals and trekking through the ancient villages are extremely incomparable. This region is a treasure of adventure and heritage.
Plan your journey to Upper Mustang with Himalayan Dream Team Treks and Tours Pvt. Ltd. for an experience in tales, traditions, and beauty of this magical land.
FAQs: The Land of Stories and Festivals
# | Question | Answer |
---|---|---|
1 | What is Upper Mustang? | Upper Mustang, also known as the "Last Forbidden Kingdom," is a culturally and historically rich region in northern Nepal. It is famous for its Tibetan-influenced culture, arid landscapes, and iconic festivals like the Tiji Festival. |
2 | How can I travel to Upper Mustang? | You can reach Upper Mustang via a flight from Pokhara to Jomsom, followed by a jeep ride or trek. Alternatively, a road journey from Pokhara to Jomsom via the Kali Gandaki Valley is another option. |
3 | Do I need a permit to visit Upper Mustang? | Yes, visiting Upper Mustang requires a special permit costing USD 500 for the first 10 days and USD 50 per additional day. An Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) permit is also mandatory. |
4 | What is the best time to visit Upper Mustang? | The best seasons to visit Upper Mustang are spring (March–May) and autumn (September–November), offering pleasant weather, clear skies, and the chance to witness festivals like Tiji and Yartung. |
5 | What is the Tiji Festival in Upper Mustang? | The Tiji Festival is a three-day Tibetan-Buddhist celebration held annually in Lo Manthang. It symbolizes the victory of good over evil and features colorful masked dances and sacred rituals. |
6 | What is the altitude of Upper Mustang? | The Upper Mustang region reaches altitudes of up to 4,200 meters. Treks are well-paced to ensure proper acclimatization and minimize the risk of altitude sickness. |
7 | What is the cultural significance of Upper Mustang? | Upper Mustang preserves a Tibetan-inspired culture with ancient monasteries, chortens, and traditional villages. The region’s isolation has helped maintain its rich heritage. |
8 | Is the Upper Mustang Trek difficult? | The Upper Mustang Trek is considered a moderate trek. Proper fitness, acclimatization, and trekking gear are essential to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience. |
9 | What makes the Yartung Festival special in Upper Mustang? | The Yartung Festival marks the end of the monsoon season with thrilling horse races, traditional dances, and feasts, showcasing the vibrant community spirit of Upper Mustang. |
10 | What kind of accommodation is available in Upper Mustang? | Accommodation options in Upper Mustang include basic teahouses and lodges, especially in Lo Manthang and along the trekking routes. Rooms are typically shared with common bathrooms. |
11 | Can I visit Upper Mustang with a jeep tour? | Yes, jeep tours to Upper Mustang, including options for the Tiji Festival and Yartung Festival, provide a comfortable alternative to trekking while still offering breathtaking views and cultural experiences. |
12 | What are the major highlights of Upper Mustang? | Key highlights include the walled city of Lo Manthang, the Tiji and Yartung Festivals, historic monasteries, and stunning views of the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri ranges. |
13 | Is photography allowed in Upper Mustang monasteries? | Photography is generally allowed in the courtyard areas of monasteries, but taking pictures inside the sacred premises is usually prohibited. |
14 | How many days are required to explore Upper Mustang? | A standard Upper Mustang Trek or jeep tour typically takes 10–14 days, depending on the itinerary and mode of travel. |
15 | Why should I visit Upper Mustang with Himalayan Dream Team? | Himalayan Dream Team offers expert-guided tours, ensuring a seamless experience with well-crafted itineraries, cultural insights, and comprehensive services for permits, accommodation, and transportation. |
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